The Board's adjudicatiave team, as provided for in the Code, is comprised of the Chairperson, two or more full-time Vice-Chairpersons(at present five full-time and two part-time Vice-Chairpersons), not more than six full-time Members of which not more than three represent employers and not more than three represent employees (at present six full-time) and any other part-time Members (representing, in equal numbers, employees and employers) necessary to discharge the responsibilities of the Board. All are appointed by order-in-council: the Chairperson and Vice-Chairpersons for five-year terms and Members for three-year terms.

The Chairperson is the chief executive officer of the Board. The provisions of the Code assign to the Chairperson supervision over, and direction of, the work of the Board including: the assignment and reassignment to panels of matters that the Board is seized of; the composition of panels and the assignment of Vice-Chairpersons to preside over panels; the determination of the date, time and place of hearings; the conduct of the Board's work; the management of the Board's internal affairs; and the duties of the staff of the Board. The Board's headquarters are located in the National Capital Region. Support to the Board is provided by the Executive Director, reporting directly to the Chairperson. The Executive Director is responsible for regional operations, case management, client and corporate services, financial services and human resources. The Legal Services Branch provides legal assistance as required by the Board and its units and the General Counsel also reports directly to the Chairperson of the Board.

The Board also has five regional offices in Dartmouth, Montréal, Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver, with a satellite office in Winnipeg. These offices are staffed by labour relations professionals and case management teams. Each regional office is headed by a regional director, who reports to the Executive Director in Ottawa.